Horizontal Validation results comparing model output against observations.
Experiment Information
Area: AMM7 Experiment: ObsKd Validation Type: Horizontal Validation Variables: SALT_SURFACE, TEMP_SURFACE
Overview
| Metric | SALT_SURFACE / CCI-SSS | TEMP_SURFACE / OSTIA | TEMP_SURFACE / CCI-SST |
|---|---|---|---|
| RMSE | 1.0175 | 0.9880 | 0.9801 |
| Bias | 0.3028 | 0.5735 | 0.5491 |
| Corr | 0.5923 | 0.9654 | 0.9639 |
| N points | 195,106,513 | 151,821,276 | 197,655,640 |
Annual Statistics Trends
Salinity (surface) — annual statistics timeseries (RMSE, bias, correlation)
Temperature (surface) — annual statistics timeseries (RMSE, bias, correlation)
Horizontal Validation
Statistics
SALT_SURFACE
| Metric | CCI-SSS |
|---|---|
| RMSE | 1.0175 |
| Bias | +0.3028 |
| MAE | 0.4565 |
| Corr | 0.5923 |
| Model mean | 35.1992 |
| Obs mean | 34.9009 |
View Full Statistics Report
################################################################################
SALT_SURFACE Validation Statistics
################################################################################
Format: 1.1
Created: 2026-05-05 09:14:25
Author: RT
Project: OceanICU
Institute: BB
Area: AMM7
Experiment: ObsKd
################################################################################
================================================================================
Period: 2016-2023 | Model: pyGETM
================================================================================
Analysed: 2026-05-05 09:14:25
--- CCI-SSS ---
RMSE: 1.0175
Bias: +0.3028
MAE: 0.4565
Correlation: 0.5923
N points: 195,106,513
Model mean: 35.1992
Obs mean: 34.9009
Model std: 0.9189
Obs std: 1.1772
Error distribution:
Min: -32.4422
5th pct: -0.2566
25th pct: +0.0196
Median: +0.1659
75th pct: +0.4229
95th pct: +1.3574
Max: +16.3483
Monthly breakdown:
Month RMSE Bias MAE Corr
--------------------------------------------
Jan 0.8496 +0.2524 0.3990 0.6160
Feb 0.9187 +0.2439 0.4070 0.5780
Mar 1.0212 +0.2673 0.4494 0.5553
Apr 1.0706 +0.2940 0.4758 0.5608
May 1.0958 +0.3139 0.4758 0.5950
Jun 1.1599 +0.3540 0.5074 0.5942
Jul 1.1318 +0.3417 0.4905 0.5960
Aug 1.1018 +0.3402 0.4873 0.5874
Sep 1.0701 +0.3357 0.4768 0.5888
Oct 0.9992 +0.3188 0.4532 0.6019
Nov 0.9459 +0.3126 0.4502 0.5932
Dec 0.8639 +0.2571 0.4040 0.6111
--------------------------------------------
All 1.0175 +0.3028 0.4565 0.5923
================================================================================
Period: 2016 | Model: pyGETM
================================================================================
Analysed: 2026-05-05 09:14:25
--- CCI-SSS ---
RMSE: 0.9646
Bias: +0.3335
MAE: 0.4554
Correlation: 0.6298
N points: 24,460,506
Model mean: 35.2181
Obs mean: 34.8875
Model std: 0.8377
Obs std: 1.1664
Error distribution:
Min: -25.6595
5th pct: -0.2215
25th pct: +0.0602
Median: +0.1992
75th pct: +0.4167
95th pct: +1.3660
Max: +16.3391
================================================================================
Period: 2017 | Model: pyGETM
================================================================================
Analysed: 2026-05-05 09:14:25
--- CCI-SSS ---
RMSE: 1.0577
Bias: +0.3108
MAE: 0.4452
Correlation: 0.5410
N points: 24,395,369
Model mean: 35.2346
Obs mean: 34.9268
Model std: 0.8842
Obs std: 1.1686
Error distribution:
Min: -28.3337
5th pct: -0.1879
25th pct: +0.0357
Median: +0.1515
75th pct: +0.3853
95th pct: +1.4043
Max: +16.3483
================================================================================
Period: 2018 | Model: pyGETM
================================================================================
Analysed: 2026-05-05 09:14:25
--- CCI-SSS ---
RMSE: 1.0054
Bias: +0.2662
MAE: 0.4270
Correlation: 0.5825
N points: 24,338,489
Model mean: 35.2023
Obs mean: 34.9407
Model std: 0.8947
Obs std: 1.1622
Error distribution:
Min: -29.7704
5th pct: -0.2629
25th pct: +0.0058
Median: +0.1467
75th pct: +0.3826
95th pct: +1.2028
Max: +15.6610
================================================================================
Period: 2019 | Model: pyGETM
================================================================================
Analysed: 2026-05-05 09:14:25
--- CCI-SSS ---
RMSE: 1.0175
Bias: +0.3184
MAE: 0.4582
Correlation: 0.5742
N points: 24,377,458
Model mean: 35.2146
Obs mean: 34.8998
Model std: 0.8729
Obs std: 1.1549
Error distribution:
Min: -29.1042
5th pct: -0.2244
25th pct: +0.0336
Median: +0.1740
75th pct: +0.4267
95th pct: +1.3573
Max: +14.7918
================================================================================
Period: 2020 | Model: pyGETM
================================================================================
Analysed: 2026-05-05 09:14:25
--- CCI-SSS ---
RMSE: 1.0358
Bias: +0.3145
MAE: 0.4682
Correlation: 0.5868
N points: 24,422,636
Model mean: 35.1955
Obs mean: 34.8879
Model std: 0.9111
Obs std: 1.1916
Error distribution:
Min: -28.9083
5th pct: -0.2460
25th pct: +0.0103
Median: +0.1524
75th pct: +0.4354
95th pct: +1.4383
Max: +14.7110
================================================================================
Period: 2021 | Model: pyGETM
================================================================================
Analysed: 2026-05-05 09:14:25
--- CCI-SSS ---
RMSE: 1.0346
Bias: +0.2895
MAE: 0.4466
Correlation: 0.5940
N points: 24,370,685
Model mean: 35.1648
Obs mean: 34.8807
Model std: 0.9546
Obs std: 1.2061
Error distribution:
Min: -27.7001
5th pct: -0.2550
25th pct: +0.0255
Median: +0.1614
75th pct: +0.4111
95th pct: +1.2824
Max: +15.6702
================================================================================
Period: 2022 | Model: pyGETM
================================================================================
Analysed: 2026-05-05 09:14:25
--- CCI-SSS ---
RMSE: 1.0120
Bias: +0.2984
MAE: 0.4731
Correlation: 0.6090
N points: 24,370,685
Model mean: 35.1872
Obs mean: 34.8939
Model std: 1.0083
Obs std: 1.1594
Error distribution:
Min: -32.4422
5th pct: -0.2952
25th pct: +0.0046
Median: +0.1724
75th pct: +0.4682
95th pct: +1.3366
Max: +12.9949
================================================================================
Period: 2023 | Model: pyGETM
================================================================================
Analysed: 2026-05-05 09:14:25
--- CCI-SSS ---
RMSE: 1.0128
Bias: +0.2914
MAE: 0.4785
Correlation: 0.6218
N points: 24,370,685
Model mean: 35.1762
Obs mean: 34.8901
Model std: 0.9737
Obs std: 1.2056
Error distribution:
Min: -29.4798
5th pct: -0.3517
25th pct: -0.0235
Median: +0.1651
75th pct: +0.4594
95th pct: +1.3862
Max: +15.7449
📄 Download Statistics Report (txt) · 📄 YAML
TEMP_SURFACE
| Metric | OSTIA | CCI-SST |
|---|---|---|
| RMSE | 0.9880 | 0.9801 |
| Bias | +0.5735 | +0.5491 |
| MAE | 0.8000 | 0.7916 |
| Corr | 0.9654 | 0.9639 |
| Model mean | 12.4442 | 12.6250 |
| Obs mean | 11.8707 | 12.0759 |
View Full Statistics Report
################################################################################
TEMP_SURFACE Validation Statistics
################################################################################
Format: 1.1
Created: 2026-05-05 08:37:50
Author: RT
Project: OceanICU
Institute: BB
Area: AMM7
Experiment: ObsKd
################################################################################
================================================================================
Period: 2016-2023 | Model: pyGETM
================================================================================
Analysed: 2026-05-05 08:37:50
--- OSTIA ---
RMSE: 0.9880
Bias: +0.5735
MAE: 0.8000
Correlation: 0.9654
N points: 151,821,276
Model mean: 12.4442
Obs mean: 11.8707
Model std: 3.9169
Obs std: 3.8133
Error distribution:
Min: -9.6203
5th pct: -0.7238
25th pct: +0.1134
Median: +0.5970
75th pct: +1.0669
95th pct: +1.7970
Max: +9.2727
Monthly breakdown:
Month RMSE Bias MAE Corr
--------------------------------------------
Jan 1.0808 +0.5484 0.8596 0.9505
Feb 1.0457 +0.5221 0.8125 0.9546
Mar 0.9707 +0.4758 0.7581 0.9597
Apr 0.8691 +0.4305 0.6980 0.9681
May 0.8722 +0.5290 0.7171 0.9733
Jun 1.1068 +0.7263 0.9085 0.9626
Jul 1.1429 +0.7507 0.9392 0.9620
Aug 1.0290 +0.6233 0.8285 0.9653
Sep 0.8612 +0.4850 0.6872 0.9761
Oct 0.8464 +0.4941 0.6820 0.9765
Nov 0.9771 +0.6104 0.8016 0.9672
Dec 1.1088 +0.6802 0.9057 0.9570
--------------------------------------------
All 0.9880 +0.5735 0.8000 0.9654
--- CCI-SST ---
RMSE: 0.9801
Bias: +0.5491
MAE: 0.7916
Correlation: 0.9639
N points: 197,655,640
Model mean: 12.6250
Obs mean: 12.0759
Model std: 3.8098
Obs std: 3.7509
Error distribution:
Min: -10.7849
5th pct: -0.7569
25th pct: +0.0527
Median: +0.5712
75th pct: +1.0612
95th pct: +1.7903
Max: +9.4216
Monthly breakdown:
Month RMSE Bias MAE Corr
--------------------------------------------
Jan 1.0498 +0.5102 0.8247 0.9498
Feb 1.0191 +0.5066 0.7879 0.9542
Mar 0.9667 +0.4847 0.7566 0.9585
Apr 0.8656 +0.4342 0.6941 0.9664
May 0.8757 +0.5291 0.7179 0.9710
Jun 1.0867 +0.6945 0.8938 0.9609
Jul 1.1134 +0.7199 0.9158 0.9623
Aug 1.0294 +0.6107 0.8306 0.9653
Sep 0.8765 +0.4594 0.6977 0.9745
Oct 0.8658 +0.4523 0.6938 0.9739
Nov 0.9715 +0.5530 0.7898 0.9641
Dec 1.1040 +0.6290 0.8932 0.9523
--------------------------------------------
All 0.9801 +0.5491 0.7916 0.9639
================================================================================
Period: 2016 | Model: pyGETM
================================================================================
Analysed: 2026-05-05 08:37:50
--- OSTIA ---
RMSE: 0.8748
Bias: +0.3147
MAE: 0.6865
Correlation: 0.9631
N points: 19,016,628
Model mean: 12.1882
Obs mean: 11.8735
Model std: 3.9222
Obs std: 3.7392
Error distribution:
Min: -8.3486
5th pct: -0.9606
25th pct: -0.1295
Median: +0.3515
75th pct: +0.8365
95th pct: +1.5323
Max: +6.8076
--- CCI-SST ---
RMSE: 0.8355
Bias: +0.3022
MAE: 0.6571
Correlation: 0.9655
N points: 24,757,704
Model mean: 12.3535
Obs mean: 12.0513
Model std: 3.8110
Obs std: 3.7266
Error distribution:
Min: -8.7668
5th pct: -0.9364
25th pct: -0.1267
Median: +0.3387
75th pct: +0.8059
95th pct: +1.4647
Max: +7.2398
================================================================================
Period: 2017 | Model: pyGETM
================================================================================
Analysed: 2026-05-05 08:37:50
--- OSTIA ---
RMSE: 0.9663
Bias: +0.5792
MAE: 0.7845
Correlation: 0.9656
N points: 18,964,670
Model mean: 12.4767
Obs mean: 11.8974
Model std: 3.7331
Obs std: 3.6558
Error distribution:
Min: -5.9293
5th pct: -0.6806
25th pct: +0.1242
Median: +0.6063
75th pct: +1.0789
95th pct: +1.8037
Max: +9.2727
--- CCI-SST ---
RMSE: 0.9406
Bias: +0.5303
MAE: 0.7611
Correlation: 0.9652
N points: 24,690,059
Model mean: 12.6566
Obs mean: 12.1263
Model std: 3.6549
Obs std: 3.6290
Error distribution:
Min: -6.1345
5th pct: -0.7521
25th pct: +0.0481
Median: +0.5517
75th pct: +1.0438
95th pct: +1.7568
Max: +7.2300
================================================================================
Period: 2018 | Model: pyGETM
================================================================================
Analysed: 2026-05-05 08:37:50
--- OSTIA ---
RMSE: 1.0824
Bias: +0.6773
MAE: 0.8737
Correlation: 0.9629
N points: 18,964,670
Model mean: 12.3212
Obs mean: 11.6439
Model std: 4.0814
Obs std: 3.9844
Error distribution:
Min: -9.4665
5th pct: -0.6763
25th pct: +0.1719
Median: +0.6902
75th pct: +1.1974
95th pct: +2.0127
Max: +8.7800
--- CCI-SST ---
RMSE: 1.0759
Bias: +0.6882
MAE: 0.8656
Correlation: 0.9638
N points: 24,690,050
Model mean: 12.4923
Obs mean: 11.8041
Model std: 3.9335
Obs std: 3.8476
Error distribution:
Min: -10.3517
5th pct: -0.5921
25th pct: +0.1738
Median: +0.6925
75th pct: +1.2065
95th pct: +2.0252
Max: +7.5133
================================================================================
Period: 2019 | Model: pyGETM
================================================================================
Analysed: 2026-05-05 08:37:50
--- OSTIA ---
RMSE: 0.9843
Bias: +0.6340
MAE: 0.8057
Correlation: 0.9685
N points: 18,964,670
Model mean: 12.3971
Obs mean: 11.7631
Model std: 3.7751
Obs std: 3.6817
Error distribution:
Min: -7.0930
5th pct: -0.5967
25th pct: +0.1798
Median: +0.6533
75th pct: +1.1225
95th pct: +1.8523
Max: +7.7173
--- CCI-SST ---
RMSE: 1.0096
Bias: +0.6536
MAE: 0.8229
Correlation: 0.9658
N points: 24,690,060
Model mean: 12.6057
Obs mean: 11.9521
Model std: 3.6856
Obs std: 3.6177
Error distribution:
Min: -8.5255
5th pct: -0.5823
25th pct: +0.1513
Median: +0.6740
75th pct: +1.1688
95th pct: +1.8993
Max: +7.0687
================================================================================
Period: 2020 | Model: pyGETM
================================================================================
Analysed: 2026-05-05 08:37:50
--- OSTIA ---
RMSE: 0.9518
Bias: +0.5647
MAE: 0.7737
Correlation: 0.9679
N points: 19,016,628
Model mean: 12.3441
Obs mean: 11.7794
Model std: 3.7702
Obs std: 3.6783
Error distribution:
Min: -7.6856
5th pct: -0.6763
25th pct: +0.1366
Median: +0.6018
75th pct: +1.0492
95th pct: +1.7369
Max: +7.8931
--- CCI-SST ---
RMSE: 0.9687
Bias: +0.6044
MAE: 0.7908
Correlation: 0.9680
N points: 24,757,704
Model mean: 12.5226
Obs mean: 11.9182
Model std: 3.6886
Obs std: 3.6279
Error distribution:
Min: -10.7849
5th pct: -0.6166
25th pct: +0.1420
Median: +0.6357
75th pct: +1.0976
95th pct: +1.7724
Max: +7.5468
================================================================================
Period: 2021 | Model: pyGETM
================================================================================
Analysed: 2026-05-05 08:37:50
--- OSTIA ---
RMSE: 1.0638
Bias: +0.6675
MAE: 0.8654
Correlation: 0.9609
N points: 18,964,670
Model mean: 12.4026
Obs mean: 11.7351
Model std: 3.9754
Obs std: 3.8776
Error distribution:
Min: -9.1434
5th pct: -0.6720
25th pct: +0.1952
Median: +0.6937
75th pct: +1.1853
95th pct: +1.9373
Max: +8.9868
--- CCI-SST ---
RMSE: 1.0515
Bias: +0.6251
MAE: 0.8490
Correlation: 0.9593
N points: 24,689,971
Model mean: 12.6037
Obs mean: 11.9786
Model std: 3.8708
Obs std: 3.8267
Error distribution:
Min: -10.2151
5th pct: -0.7470
25th pct: +0.0937
Median: +0.6473
75th pct: +1.1651
95th pct: +1.9422
Max: +8.3632
================================================================================
Period: 2022 | Model: pyGETM
================================================================================
Analysed: 2026-05-05 08:37:50
--- OSTIA ---
RMSE: 0.9530
Bias: +0.5761
MAE: 0.7734
Correlation: 0.9708
N points: 18,964,670
Model mean: 12.6277
Obs mean: 12.0517
Model std: 3.9532
Obs std: 3.8585
Error distribution:
Min: -5.7222
5th pct: -0.6563
25th pct: +0.1339
Median: +0.6022
75th pct: +1.0516
95th pct: +1.7514
Max: +7.0574
--- CCI-SST ---
RMSE: 0.9373
Bias: +0.5041
MAE: 0.7565
Correlation: 0.9665
N points: 24,690,060
Model mean: 12.8056
Obs mean: 12.3015
Model std: 3.8320
Obs std: 3.7716
Error distribution:
Min: -7.4294
5th pct: -0.7955
25th pct: +0.0064
Median: +0.5314
75th pct: +1.0156
95th pct: +1.7358
Max: +7.6121
================================================================================
Period: 2023 | Model: pyGETM
================================================================================
Analysed: 2026-05-05 08:37:50
--- OSTIA ---
RMSE: 1.0252
Bias: +0.5751
MAE: 0.8375
Correlation: 0.9641
N points: 18,964,670
Model mean: 12.7972
Obs mean: 12.2221
Model std: 4.0758
Obs std: 3.9821
Error distribution:
Min: -9.6203
5th pct: -0.8713
25th pct: +0.1036
Median: +0.6249
75th pct: +1.1112
95th pct: +1.8592
Max: +7.6242
--- CCI-SST ---
RMSE: 1.0198
Bias: +0.4853
MAE: 0.8302
Correlation: 0.9580
N points: 24,690,032
Model mean: 12.9610
Obs mean: 12.4757
Model std: 3.9570
Obs std: 3.9041
Error distribution:
Min: -10.1614
5th pct: -1.0397
25th pct: -0.0825
Median: +0.5423
75th pct: +1.0797
95th pct: +1.8586
Max: +9.4216
📄 Download Statistics Report (txt) · 📄 YAML
Plots
Full Period
SALT_SURFACE
Salinity (surface) — monthly by year
Salinity (surface) — monthly statistics
CCI-SSS
Salinity (surface) — CCI-SSS comparison
Salinity (surface) — CCI-SSS monthly maps
Salinity (surface) — CCI-SSS monthly taylor
Salinity (surface) — CCI-SSS pdf annual
Salinity (surface) — CCI-SSS pdf monthly
Salinity (surface) — CCI-SSS spatial stats
TEMP_SURFACE
Temperature (surface) — monthly by year CCI-SST
Temperature (surface) — monthly by year OSTIA
Temperature (surface) — monthly statistics
CCI-SST
Temperature (surface) — CCI-SST comparison
Temperature (surface) — CCI-SST monthly maps
Temperature (surface) — CCI-SST monthly taylor
Temperature (surface) — CCI-SST pdf annual
Temperature (surface) — CCI-SST pdf monthly
Temperature (surface) — CCI-SST spatial stats
OSTIA
Temperature (surface) — OSTIA comparison
Temperature (surface) — OSTIA monthly maps
Temperature (surface) — OSTIA monthly taylor
Temperature (surface) — OSTIA pdf annual
Temperature (surface) — OSTIA pdf monthly
Temperature (surface) — OSTIA spatial stats
Taylor diagram
Gridded 3D Validation
Statistics
SALT_3D
| Metric | WOA |
|---|---|
| RMSE | 0.4426 |
| Bias | -0.0452 |
| MAE | 0.1940 |
| Corr | 0.5436 |
| Model mean | 35.2094 |
| Obs mean | 35.2546 |
View Full Statistics Report
################################################################################
SALT Validation Statistics
################################################################################
Format: 1.1
Created: 2026-05-07 09:14:02
Author: RT
Project: OceanICU
Institute: BB
Area: AMM7
Experiment: ObsKd
################################################################################
================================================================================
Period: 2016-2023 | Model: pyGETM
================================================================================
Analysed: 2026-05-07 09:14:02
--- WOA ---
RMSE: 0.4426
Bias: -0.0452
MAE: 0.1940
Correlation: 0.5436
N points: 151,275,648
Model mean: 35.2094
Obs mean: 35.2546
Model std: 0.4373
Obs std: 0.4809
Error distribution:
Min: -32.8426
5th pct: -0.6107
25th pct: -0.1211
Median: -0.0059
75th pct: +0.0868
95th pct: +0.3013
Max: +16.4201
Monthly breakdown:
Month RMSE Bias MAE Corr
--------------------------------------------
Jan 0.4066 -0.0399 0.1863 0.5597
Feb 0.4260 -0.0365 0.1860 0.5411
Mar 0.4576 -0.0406 0.1908 0.5205
Apr 0.4738 -0.0421 0.1986 0.5295
May 0.4882 -0.0415 0.1995 0.5295
Jun 0.4890 -0.0437 0.2033 0.5361
Jul 0.4685 -0.0443 0.2050 0.5440
Aug 0.4532 -0.0475 0.1998 0.5489
Sep 0.4235 -0.0514 0.1941 0.5629
Oct 0.4118 -0.0523 0.1918 0.5631
Nov 0.4007 -0.0495 0.1875 0.5624
Dec 0.3978 -0.0526 0.1850 0.5626
--------------------------------------------
All 0.4426 -0.0452 0.1940 0.5436
📄 Download Statistics Report (txt) · 📄 YAML
TEMP_3D
| Metric | WOA |
|---|---|
| RMSE | 2.5079 |
| Bias | -0.7435 |
| MAE | 1.8060 |
| Corr | 0.8550 |
| Model mean | 7.3271 |
| Obs mean | 8.0706 |
View Full Statistics Report
################################################################################
TEMP Validation Statistics
################################################################################
Format: 1.1
Created: 2026-05-07 08:57:40
Author: RT
Project: OceanICU
Institute: BB
Area: AMM7
Experiment: ObsKd
################################################################################
================================================================================
Period: 2016-2023 | Model: pyGETM
================================================================================
Analysed: 2026-05-07 08:57:40
--- WOA ---
RMSE: 2.5079
Bias: -0.7435
MAE: 1.8060
Correlation: 0.8550
N points: 151,275,648
Model mean: 7.3271
Obs mean: 8.0706
Model std: 4.6170
Obs std: 3.8966
Error distribution:
Min: -9.6261
5th pct: -5.4293
25th pct: -1.9397
Median: -0.3349
75th pct: +0.7046
95th pct: +2.4774
Max: +13.0318
Monthly breakdown:
Month RMSE Bias MAE Corr
--------------------------------------------
Jan 2.4083 -0.8161 1.7212 0.8277
Feb 2.3686 -0.8246 1.6800 0.8242
Mar 2.3606 -0.8510 1.6632 0.8218
Apr 2.3636 -0.8442 1.6686 0.8252
May 2.4065 -0.7464 1.7231 0.8357
Jun 2.6069 -0.5987 1.9100 0.8458
Jul 2.7284 -0.5605 1.9919 0.8629
Aug 2.7474 -0.5713 2.0080 0.8751
Sep 2.6545 -0.6575 1.9536 0.8808
Oct 2.5148 -0.7946 1.8309 0.8787
Nov 2.4555 -0.7942 1.7841 0.8613
Dec 2.4344 -0.8629 1.7375 0.8458
--------------------------------------------
All 2.5079 -0.7435 1.8060 0.8550
📄 Download Statistics Report (txt) · 📄 YAML
Plots
Full Period
Salinity at 5 m depth — model vs observations comparison
Salinity at 5 m depth — spatial distribution of statistics
Salinity at 50 m depth — model vs observations comparison
Salinity at 50 m depth — spatial distribution of statistics
Salinity at 100 m depth — model vs observations comparison
Salinity at 100 m depth — spatial distribution of statistics
Salinity at 200 m depth — model vs observations comparison
Salinity at 200 m depth — spatial distribution of statistics
Salinity at 500 m depth — model vs observations comparison
Salinity at 500 m depth — spatial distribution of statistics
Salinity — monthly 3D profile statistics
Salinity — monthly 3D Taylor diagram
Taylor diagram
Temperature at 5 m depth — model vs observations comparison
Temperature at 5 m depth — spatial distribution of statistics
Temperature at 50 m depth — model vs observations comparison
Temperature at 50 m depth — spatial distribution of statistics
Temperature at 100 m depth — model vs observations comparison
Temperature at 100 m depth — spatial distribution of statistics
Temperature at 200 m depth — model vs observations comparison
Temperature at 200 m depth — spatial distribution of statistics
Temperature at 500 m depth — model vs observations comparison
Temperature at 500 m depth — spatial distribution of statistics
Temperature — monthly 3D profile statistics
Temperature — monthly 3D Taylor diagram
ICES Point Profiles
Statistics
PSAL
| Metric | ICES point observations |
|---|---|
| RMSE | 1.0563 |
| Bias | +0.2312 |
| MAE | 0.3243 |
| Corr | 0.6794 |
| Model mean | 35.0117 |
| Obs mean | 34.7805 |
View Full Statistics Report
################################################################################
PSAL Profile Validation Statistics
################################################################################
Format: 1.1
Created: 2026-05-05 09:34:58
Area: AMM7
Experiment: ObsKd
################################################################################
================================================================================
Period: 2016-2023 | Model: pyGETM
================================================================================
Analysed: 2026-05-07 07:32:29
--- ICES point observations ---
RMSE: 1.0563
Bias: +0.2312
MAE: 0.3243
Correlation: 0.6794
N points: 4,479,563
N profiles: 32,134
Model mean: 35.0117
Obs mean: 34.7805
Model std: 0.7478
Obs std: 1.3806
Error distribution:
Min: -34.4254
5th pct: -0.2359
25th pct: -0.0008
Median: +0.1148
75th pct: +0.2373
95th pct: +0.7107
Max: +34.5163
Statistics by depth:
Depth N Bias RMSE Corr
------------------------------------------------------
0-10m 288,165 +1.3147 3.6461 0.5575
10-25m 420,745 +0.5004 1.4434 0.6805
25-50m 567,989 +0.2046 0.5268 0.7642
50-100m 763,824 +0.1443 0.2983 0.7917
100-200m 681,882 +0.0894 0.1803 0.8088
200-500m 782,467 +0.1038 0.1456 0.8315
500-1000m 586,611 +0.0625 0.1326 0.8897
📄 Download Statistics Report (txt) · 📄 YAML
TEMP
| Metric | ICES point observations |
|---|---|
| RMSE | 1.2204 |
| Bias | +0.4042 |
| MAE | 0.8826 |
| Corr | 0.9599 |
| Model mean | 8.0422 |
| Obs mean | 7.6380 |
View Full Statistics Report
################################################################################
TEMP Profile Validation Statistics
################################################################################
Format: 1.1
Created: 2026-05-05 09:32:57
Area: AMM7
Experiment: ObsKd
################################################################################
================================================================================
Period: 2016-2023 | Model: pyGETM
================================================================================
Analysed: 2026-05-07 07:30:33
--- ICES point observations ---
RMSE: 1.2204
Bias: +0.4042
MAE: 0.8826
Correlation: 0.9599
N points: 4,488,797
N profiles: 28,989
Model mean: 8.0422
Obs mean: 7.6380
Model std: 4.0834
Obs std: 4.0496
Error distribution:
Min: -8.5244
5th pct: -1.3077
25th pct: -0.1882
Median: +0.3839
75th pct: +0.9835
95th pct: +2.2726
Max: +10.0534
Statistics by depth:
Depth N Bias RMSE Corr
------------------------------------------------------
0-10m 286,659 +0.5747 1.2881 0.9648
10-25m 422,418 +0.3844 1.2608 0.9479
25-50m 570,518 +0.3527 1.2652 0.8893
50-100m 766,720 +0.5227 1.0800 0.8596
100-200m 684,363 +0.4549 0.9725 0.8475
200-500m 783,657 +0.3126 1.4341 0.8499
500-1000m 586,581 +0.2544 1.2798 0.9575
📄 Download Statistics Report (txt) · 📄 YAML
Plots
Practical Salinity — statistics vs depth profile
Temperature — statistics vs depth profile
Argo Float Profiles
Statistics
PSAL
| Metric | ARGO floats |
|---|---|
| RMSE | 4.3337 |
| Bias | +0.6647 |
| MAE | 0.7585 |
| Corr | 0.1756 |
| Model mean | 35.3564 |
| Obs mean | 34.6917 |
View Full Statistics Report
################################################################################
PSAL Profile Validation Statistics
################################################################################
Format: 1.1
Created: 2026-05-05 10:32:18
Area: AMM7
Experiment: ObsKd
################################################################################
================================================================================
Period: 2016-2023 | Model: pyGETM
================================================================================
Analysed: 2026-05-05 10:32:18
--- ARGO floats ---
RMSE: 4.3337
Bias: +0.6647
MAE: 0.7585
Correlation: 0.1756
N points: 4,905,731
N profiles: 18,473
Model mean: 35.3564
Obs mean: 34.6917
Model std: 0.3095
Obs std: 4.3260
Error distribution:
Min: -26.4432
5th pct: -0.2501
25th pct: -0.0105
Median: +0.0630
75th pct: +0.1881
95th pct: +0.4346
Max: +36.8896
Statistics by depth:
Depth N Bias RMSE Corr
------------------------------------------------------
0-10m 97,575 +0.5741 3.2634 0.1919
10-25m 146,016 +0.6982 3.5875 0.1889
25-50m 232,397 +0.7782 3.7294 0.1293
50-100m 425,227 +0.8024 3.8485 0.1132
100-200m 495,254 +0.7331 4.4648 0.1663
200-500m 1,075,494 +0.7171 4.6175 0.1985
500-1000m 1,117,739 +0.6063 4.5116 0.2515
📄 Download Statistics Report (txt) · 📄 YAML
TEMP
| Metric | ARGO floats |
|---|---|
| RMSE | 1.3243 |
| Bias | +0.2999 |
| MAE | 0.9846 |
| Corr | 0.9618 |
| Model mean | 8.3841 |
| Obs mean | 8.0842 |
View Full Statistics Report
################################################################################
TEMP Profile Validation Statistics
################################################################################
Format: 1.1
Created: 2026-05-05 10:29:17
Area: AMM7
Experiment: ObsKd
################################################################################
================================================================================
Period: 2016-2023 | Model: pyGETM
================================================================================
Analysed: 2026-05-05 10:29:17
--- ARGO floats ---
RMSE: 1.3243
Bias: +0.2999
MAE: 0.9846
Correlation: 0.9618
N points: 4,906,066
N profiles: 18,473
Model mean: 8.3841
Obs mean: 8.0842
Model std: 4.7043
Obs std: 4.4683
Error distribution:
Min: -49.8687
5th pct: -1.5618
25th pct: -0.4661
Median: +0.1029
75th pct: +1.0920
95th pct: +2.5073
Max: +20.4119
Statistics by depth:
Depth N Bias RMSE Corr
------------------------------------------------------
0-10m 97,586 +0.5489 1.0941 0.9736
10-25m 146,026 +0.4731 1.1356 0.9656
25-50m 232,410 +0.7929 1.5585 0.9185
50-100m 425,244 +1.0412 1.7604 0.9027
100-200m 495,283 +0.6132 1.6180 0.9098
200-500m 1,075,630 +0.2251 1.3910 0.9357
500-1000m 1,117,875 -0.2990 1.0145 0.9695
📄 Download Statistics Report (txt) · 📄 YAML
Plots
Amm7 Argo Argo Overview
AMM7_ARGO — Hovmöller diagram
Practical Salinity — statistics vs depth profile
Temperature — statistics vs depth profile
Observations
ARGO Observations — 2016-2023
ARGO Station Map
ARGO Observation Density
ARGO Hovmoller
ICES Observations — 2016-2022
ICES Station Map
ICES Observation Density
ICES Alk Hovmoller
ICES Amon Hovmoller
ICES Doxy Hovmoller
ICES Ntra Hovmoller
ICES Ph Hovmoller
ICES Phos Hovmoller
ICES PSAL Hovmoller
ICES Slca Hovmoller
ICES TEMP Hovmoller
ICES Observations — 2016-2023
ICES Station Map
ICES Observation Density
ICES Alk Hovmoller
ICES Amon Hovmoller
ICES Cphl Hovmoller
ICES Doxy Hovmoller
ICES Ntra Hovmoller
ICES Ph Hovmoller
ICES Phos Hovmoller
ICES PSAL Hovmoller
ICES Slca Hovmoller
ICES TEMP Hovmoller
Methodology
Horizontal Validation
Model surface fields compared against gridded satellite products and in-situ observations.
Statistics: RMSE, Bias, MAE, Pearson correlation.
Spatial statistics show the error distribution across the domain.
Gridded 3D Validation
Model vertical profiles compared against gridded 3D climatologies.
Statistics: RMSE and Bias at each depth level.
ICES Point Profiles
Quality-controlled hydrographic profiles from the ICES data portal (temperature, salinity, biogeochemical variables).
Argo Float Profiles
Autonomous profiling floats providing temperature and salinity profiles to 2000 m depth (Ifremer ERDDAP).