Horizontal Validation results comparing model output against observations.

Experiment Information

Area: NS Experiment: Baseline Validation Type: Horizontal Validation Variables:

ICES Point Profiles

Statistics

PSAL

MetricICES point observations
RMSE2.6065
Bias+0.5403
MAE1.2611
Corr0.9532
Model mean32.7075
Obs mean32.1672
View Full Statistics Report
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PSAL Profile Validation Statistics
################################################################################
  Format:     1.1
  Created:    2026-05-04 11:23:14
  Area:         NS
  Experiment:   Baseline
################################################################################

================================================================================
Period: 2016-2023  |  Model: pyGETM
================================================================================
Analysed: 2026-05-04  12:23:48

--- ICES point observations ---
  RMSE:          2.6065
  Bias:         +0.5403
  MAE:           1.2611
  Correlation:   0.9532
  N points:      2,239,481
  N profiles:    27,982
  Model mean:   32.7075
  Obs mean:     32.1672
  Model std:    4.4762
  Obs std:      6.4284

  Error distribution:
    Min:         -17.2384
    5th pct:      -1.2003
    25th pct:     -0.5472
    Median:       -0.1946
    75th pct:     +0.1334
    95th pct:     +7.3167
    Max:         +33.6631

  Statistics by depth:
  Depth               N        Bias        RMSE      Corr
  ------------------------------------------------------
  0-10m         391,140     +3.2820      5.3064    0.9254
  10-25m        412,998     +0.7575      2.8053    0.9533
  25-50m        407,979     -0.2234      1.3511    0.9556
  50-100m       463,619     -0.3534      0.5594    0.5896
  100-200m      324,278     -0.2827      0.3908    0.5918
  200-500m      224,657     -0.1674      0.2268    0.6291
  500-1000m      14,810     -0.1502      0.1737    0.6219

📄 Download Statistics Report (txt) · 📄 YAML

TEMP

MetricICES point observations
RMSE1.5217
Bias-0.3850
MAE1.0643
Corr0.9137
Model mean8.9525
Obs mean9.3375
View Full Statistics Report
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TEMP Profile Validation Statistics
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  Format:     1.1
  Created:    2026-05-04 11:21:56
  Area:         NS
  Experiment:   Baseline
################################################################################

================================================================================
Period: 2016-2023  |  Model: pyGETM
================================================================================
Analysed: 2026-05-04  12:22:31

--- ICES point observations ---
  RMSE:          1.5217
  Bias:         -0.3850
  MAE:           1.0643
  Correlation:   0.9137
  N points:      2,248,854
  N profiles:    25,958
  Model mean:   8.9525
  Obs mean:     9.3375
  Model std:    3.5909
  Obs std:      3.4748

  Error distribution:
    Min:         -11.9114
    5th pct:      -2.8304
    25th pct:     -1.0408
    Median:       -0.3687
    75th pct:     +0.3419
    95th pct:     +1.7761
    Max:         +12.0709

  Statistics by depth:
  Depth               N        Bias        RMSE      Corr
  ------------------------------------------------------
  0-10m         391,007     +0.2189      1.6052    0.9565
  10-25m        415,226     -0.3737      1.9666    0.9012
  25-50m        410,379     -1.0592      1.9159    0.8165
  50-100m       466,017     -0.7362      1.2933    0.6786
  100-200m      325,997     -0.2709      0.7736    0.4806
  200-500m      225,418     +0.2500      0.6567    0.3515
  500-1000m      14,810     +0.9004      1.0302    0.0890

📄 Download Statistics Report (txt) · 📄 YAML

Plots

Practical Salinity — statistics vs depth profile Practical Salinity — statistics vs depth profile

Temperature — statistics vs depth profile Temperature — statistics vs depth profile

Argo Float Profiles

Statistics

PSAL

MetricARGO floats
RMSE0.7073
Bias-0.2573
MAE0.4818
Corr0.6668
Model mean34.5715
Obs mean34.8287
View Full Statistics Report
################################################################################
PSAL Profile Validation Statistics
################################################################################
  Format:     1.1
  Created:    2026-05-04 13:29:52
  Area:         NS
  Experiment:   Baseline
################################################################################

================================================================================
Period: 2016-2023  |  Model: pyGETM
================================================================================
Analysed: 2026-05-04  20:55:50

--- ARGO floats ---
  RMSE:          0.7073
  Bias:         -0.2573
  MAE:           0.4818
  Correlation:   0.6668
  N points:      9,278
  N profiles:    38
  Model mean:   34.5715
  Obs mean:     34.8287
  Model std:    0.4939
  Obs std:      0.8759

  Error distribution:
    Min:         -1.3696
    5th pct:      -0.8832
    25th pct:     -0.5361
    Median:       -0.3548
    75th pct:     -0.1680
    95th pct:     +0.4971
    Max:         +6.7696

  Statistics by depth:
  Depth               N        Bias        RMSE      Corr
  ------------------------------------------------------
  0-10m             190     +1.5504      2.3777    0.6299
  10-25m            537     +0.6633      1.6418    0.4536
  25-50m            861     -0.2912      0.8347    0.4929
  50-100m         1,730     -0.5446      0.6451    0.5791
  100-200m        2,809     -0.4016      0.4579    0.6569
  200-500m        2,940     -0.2331      0.2652   -0.3753
  500-1000m         211     -0.1479      0.1500    0.7054

📄 Download Statistics Report (txt) · 📄 YAML

TEMP

MetricARGO floats
RMSE1.0957
Bias-0.1966
MAE0.6891
Corr0.8850
Model mean8.4603
Obs mean8.6569
View Full Statistics Report
################################################################################
TEMP Profile Validation Statistics
################################################################################
  Format:     1.1
  Created:    2026-05-04 13:29:51
  Area:         NS
  Experiment:   Baseline
################################################################################

================================================================================
Period: 2016-2023  |  Model: pyGETM
================================================================================
Analysed: 2026-05-04  20:55:47

--- ARGO floats ---
  RMSE:          1.0957
  Bias:         -0.1966
  MAE:           0.6891
  Correlation:   0.8850
  N points:      9,278
  N profiles:    38
  Model mean:   8.4603
  Obs mean:     8.6569
  Model std:    1.4002
  Obs std:      2.0977

  Error distribution:
    Min:         -5.4839
    5th pct:      -2.6555
    25th pct:     -0.4869
    Median:       +0.0987
    75th pct:     +0.3097
    95th pct:     +1.0350
    Max:         +3.9355

  Statistics by depth:
  Depth               N        Bias        RMSE      Corr
  ------------------------------------------------------
  0-10m             190     -1.0744      1.4995    0.9228
  10-25m            537     -1.0629      1.9149    0.7728
  25-50m            861     -1.2799      2.3008    0.7228
  50-100m         1,730     -0.4918      1.2974    0.7129
  100-200m        2,809     -0.0205      0.4135    0.7279
  200-500m        2,940     +0.2458      0.4206    0.2101
  500-1000m         211     +1.1327      1.1354   -0.1278

📄 Download Statistics Report (txt) · 📄 YAML

Plots

Argo float profile overview (NE Atlantic) Argo float profile overview (NE Atlantic)

NA_ARGO — Hovmöller diagram NA_ARGO — Hovmöller diagram

Na Argo Overview Na Argo Overview

Practical Salinity — statistics vs depth profile Practical Salinity — statistics vs depth profile

Temperature — statistics vs depth profile Temperature — statistics vs depth profile

Observations

ARGO Observations — 2016-2023

ARGO Station Map ARGO Station Map

ARGO Observation Density ARGO Observation Density

ARGO Hovmoller ARGO Hovmoller

ICES Observations — 2016-2023

ICES Station Map ICES Station Map

ICES Observation Density ICES Observation Density

ICES PSAL Hovmoller ICES PSAL Hovmoller

ICES TEMP Hovmoller ICES TEMP Hovmoller

Methodology

ICES Point Profiles

Quality-controlled hydrographic profiles from the ICES data portal (temperature, salinity, biogeochemical variables).

Argo Float Profiles

Autonomous profiling floats providing temperature and salinity profiles to 2000 m depth (Ifremer ERDDAP).

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